Supporting Planning for Geriatric Health Conditions

Supporting Planning for Geriatric Health Conditions Introduction- To understand and practice the principles of care is very helpful. We care for the individuals, and support them at work. Supporting and caring includes understanding the rights of an individual and taking risk. It also includes the relationship between taking risk. To understand the relationship with the client, it’s very important to understand the principles involved. FOLLOWING ARE THE PRINCIPLES INVOLVED IN THE PERSON CENTERED APPROACH TO DEMENTIA- Individuality- an individual person should never be assumed. And the organization should not except that the person is or have to fit in with anyone or with the organization. People should have their own right to make their own choices, they should be given right to think about themselves. Their likes and dislikes should always be kept in mind. What are the differences between the neighbours, and other people, should be understood. And if they have different ethnicity or religious beliefs, they should be respected. Rights-the clients or residents in the care should always be allowed to enjoy the same rights. It’s not only when they are dependent on the carers but also when they are living their live independently. Every individual we look after or support can refuse the things they don’t want, or in other words they have the right to say no, the right to keep any relationship, the right to refuse their care. But it’s important to maintain the balance between their rights against their responsibilities.it is important to find the balance as it makes easier to find if they are at risk or not? Choices- Every person we are supporting or look after should be given freedom to make choices. They should be given proper information, so that they can make safe choices, and acknowledge the benefits of their decisions. Privacy- privacy is the major principle that should be kept in mind, while looking after a person. Knock the door and get permission before entering the room. Make sure any other person enters the room with invitation only. During personal hygiene Closing the doors and drawing the curtains should be kept in mind. They should be provided with privacy for example, letters, phone calls, communication with visitors and while reading mails etc. Independence- Independence makes people more live, they feel as if they have control on their live. Carers should allow the people to do things themselves, it could be of any type big small, doesn’t matter. Being independent does not mean staying alone or isolating a person. It means that a person is given enough time to do for themselves. They should not be forced to do the things quickly, but on the other hand they should be given sufficient time, to maintain their independence. Dignity-: it refers to the respecting the client and and having self-respect. It includes ever minor thing that plays an important role in day to day life. It could be related to anything eating, sleeping, living day-to-day, and dying. It includes that the care givers should maintain our quality of life, while supporting a client. They should be aware of maintain a person’s dignity, careers should ask their client how they wish to be addressed, carers should take their time to listen them, use of towel while caring them, offering them regular shave. Respect-making someone that you care and support them is very important, supporting them in every single aspect for example whatever is the age, cultural difference, disability, gender, belief or sexual preference, etc. A carer should not ignore the client’s needs while looking after a client. They should listen them, give them importance, ask about their choices, what would they be called as, how they should be cared, etc. Autonomy Working together with other agencies, colleagues and families to support the client. Remember your client’s wishes and needs should come first. Non person centered approach to dementia- Non-Person-centered care is an approach that does not care for the clients ,respects and honors the unique qualities, interests, and needs of each person – it is of one-size fits all approach to care. Person-centered dementia care does not refers to the approach and practices used for people who are living with dementia, but it includes the two perspectives- Institution perspective Bio-medical perspective Institution perspective Every person with dementia have different set of abilities and care needs and it gets worst with change of time. Institution perspective, is care that is provided in the care home. Person can experience joy, comfort in rest homes, they are cared in the rest homes etc. Bio-medical perspective A person that shows some behavioral changes needs proper medical evaluation, especially when symptoms occurs all of a sudden. Bio medical perspective includes, treatment, drugs, the medication etc. Reality –orientation approach To reducing confusion in geriatric patients, Reality Orientation approach is used as treatment in dementia client. Confusion amongst the client includes-(a) under stimulation of the patient, (b) lack of normal behavior (c) desired behavior. It works with the presentation by asking client about various things e.g. time, place and person-related, which tells about the understanding of the person, sense of control. There has been criticism of RO in clinical practice, with some fear that it has been applied in a mechanical fashion and has been insensitive to the needs of the individual.it is thought that reality orientation can cause mood and self-esteem problems. Validation approach Validation method is a way in which there is interaction with people with the dementia in the last stages of Alzheimers. People with Alzheimers have incomprehensible, behavior, sometimes they have abnormal behavior, and there is mood swing amongst the clients. For example, they may start thinking that they are living in a different time or place. Sometimes they may repeat physical gesture. Sometimes they may repeat the things again and again .and many people think that while handling these type of clients care givers should ignore their behavior or correct them. Assistive technologies A hoists the most commonly used aids. They are used by the people who are not able to move at all, and most of the time they are heavy and hard for single person to handle. Secondly walker based device. Thirdly touch-screen, fourthly technologies are used to monitor vital signs and basic metabolic parameters (e.g., temperature) multiple parameters simultaneously (e.g., pulse, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, blood glucose).Alarm systems occurs to alert caregivers of a fall e.g.-sensor matt. Holistic approach- Holistic care simply means addressing all aspects body, mind, and spirit of the person. A holistic approach links mainstream medical treatments with both herbal supplements and attention to emotional health. Before health promotion strategies mainly focused on lifestyle programs. But later health promotion practice mainly focused on Human rights, health and improving health equality, Diversity. Health promotion action provides a set of values, tools (knowledge and skills) and practice. A number of models useful for health promotion action include: Te Whare TapaWha (Durie et al., 1982) Te Pae Mahutonga (Durie, 2004) Te Wheke (Rose Pere, 1984) TU-HANZ – Health Promotion Forum (Martin, 2002) Public health and health promotion- Values and beliefs about health and wellbeing provides health promotion. There is great diversity amongst people as many of them share similar values including love, respect, humility, caring, reciprocity, spirituality, humors, unity and believing in the importance of family. Health care access is a supply side issue indicating the level of service which the health care system offers every individual with access to health care .In newzleand health care system follows the centralized approach where all the individuals are able to access health care, while inequalities in health care is said to be access persist. Equality of access requires that, for different communities (Wondering et al, 2005): Travelling, transport and communication service. The clients are equally informed about the availability and their effectiveness of treatments. All the Charges are equal. Access to health care treatment was utilized. But, utilization of health services may differ from several other reasons for example benefits or availability, alternative therapies etc. Several access to health care are- Availability: Some health care services are not available to some population groups, or some treatment to patients may differ population groups, even where they have identical needs. Quality: The quality of care offered to patients may vary between different groups. Costs: some health care services may be costly, which vary between population groups. Information: The health care organizations may fail to ensure for example that all population groups are equally aware of the services available. The major two believes of the people are: Good health i.e., except spiritual, physical, emotional and mental dimensions. As family is important same way health matters to every individuals. Different health standards beneficial in Newzleand In Newzleand, the main focus is on the well-being and quality of life rather than the behavior management. Memory-impaired individuals are not able to look after them as they are prone to forget things. Dementia mainly focus on physical and mental wellness, during the onset of the disease. However, the care programs are set in which they concentrate on what a patient is able to do rather than on what they cannot do. This is the major difference. This approach is made for a person so that they are able to continue their daily activities that may lead to healthy living, it also helps in maintain the independence of the client. That is the reason why individual assessment of the client is necessary and care plans are set and play an important role. To understand a client, health care team not only see medical records, but also health conditions, as well as history of the client. Family and friends can help in getting the information about a person. Such type of information becomes beneficial for the care givers and the nurses who are looking after them. Comprehensive patient assessments should be the important for care givers and for dementia treatment. For example, Care Givers use a social history form to evaluate the needs and interests of a person with dementia, and then promote clients’ health care. Knowing a person’s family situation, such as marital status and every single detail, can help care givers to have proper interactions with their patients and provide them proper care. Ties to the community can help as well. Keeping a patient involved with their religious groups, local organizations can help an individual to interact with their community. Alzheimer’s disease, develop emotional distant and affects the regular interaction. But having professional caregiver who are able to engage the client in daily activities enjoys interactions with family members. People living with dementia usually suffer and struggle with self-awareness. Different roles and hobbies develop their confidence and ensure feeling of accomplishment and purpose. Care providers familiar with their patient’s hobbies and interest make their individual routine. For example aby as her dementia, she began symptoms of depression. A Care Giver working with aby learned from her family that aby was once interested in gardening, so the caregiver provided her with plastic pots, gloves, soil and seedlings. She even helped aby in doing gardening, and noticed that she involved in everything that was related to gardening. And aby on the other side was able to continue with her favorite hobby, as a result Abby’s mood improved and she was able to sleep all night. And she was able to add more meaningful activities. Dementia can often cause a feeling of being lost. But a meaningful interaction can improve the person with dementia. A professional caregiver knows how to encourage independence. For example if a person is having dementia, care givers should be ready to handle the situation, trying showing and explaining everything related to the procedure. Some people with dementia want to participate in their own care. Brushing teeth, could became a tough task for dementia people, but a professional caregiver prepare a toothbrush with toothpaste and help Serena brush her teeth. This type of environment helps person to get back their sense of security about their place. Family of the dementia client should be helped, they should be given regular awareness about dementia and lectures, of handling these kind of people. They should be given regular counselling sections etc. Bibliography- Durie, M. (2004). An indigenous model of health promotion, World Conference on Health Promotion and Health Education, Massey University, New Zealand. Retrieved (11.19.2010) from http://www.hpforum.org.nz Reid, P., Robson, B. (2006) http://www.hauora.maori.nz Te Aka MÄ ori-English, (online version) from http://www.MÄ ori dictionary.co.nz/ Goddard M, Smith P (2001). Equity of access to health care services: theory and evidence from the UK: pp1149-62. 1

Knowledge without Character

Taking a more inclusive view of the biblically-based Seven Deadly Sins, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (i.e. Mahatma Gandhi) wrote his version: the Seven Deadly Social Sins.   One of the sins he warns of is â€Å"Knowledge without Character,† and to understand why he presents this combination as a potential sin, one must look at what Gandhi thought of education (Hansen). Of education, Gandhi said, The ancient aphorism â€Å"Education is that which liberates,† is as true as it was before.   [. . . .]   Knowledge includes all training that is useful for the service of mankind and liberation means freedom of all manner of servitude [. . . – . . .] slavery [and] domination from outside and to one's own artificial needs.   The knowledge acquired in the pursuit of this ideal alone contributes [to] true study.   (â€Å"Gandhi & Education†) A simple interpretation of this statement requires that those who are currently pursuing a higher  education in a collegiate setting need to analyze their reasons for doing so, and if they find that  the potential to earn a greater income is the primary drive, they are headed down a path of social  sin.   Students need to consider the bigger picture: what can their particular academic interests do  to make the world a better place?   Can the lessons learned in an economics class be applied to  that student’s participation in local government; to a solution to nation-wide obliteration of  homelessness; to increasing the wealth of the entire world so that no human being is faced with  dying of hunger; or is that lesson merely a small step towards making more money for a private  enterprise? A grander interpretation of these words could be applied to the current desire to end terrorism.   Looking back to WWII, the scientific knowledge needed to create the atomic bomb was used without character.   Without taking sides or creating a political debate, the fact is that the United States of America dropped two atomic bombs on Japan, and no other country before or since has dropped an atomic bomb in an act of war (Burr). Moving back to today, it is the United States that is leading the fight against terrorism, and that fight began as an eradication of world-wide weapons of mass destruction—weapons that were made possible and whose force was proven by the same nation that is currently acting as the world’s watchdog.   Fortunately, the United States is getting a second chance: if we are able to combat terrorism and eliminate the threat of atomic weapons and their kin, it may be that the knowledge gained so long ago regarding the devastation of the atom bomb will be applied today with the necessary character by assuring all of humanity that such force will never again be unleashed. The reason that the Social Sin of â€Å"Knowledge without Character† is such a great threat to humanity is directly related to the degree of power that is inherent to the possession of knowledge.   Looking back at the plight of Frederick Douglass, a man born into slavery who taught himself to read and write so that he might better understand his captors and eventually escape his enslavement, it is clear that absent the knowledge of reading and writing, he never would have had the power to forge his papers and flee to the South (Douglass passim). Today, politicians, attorneys, the media, and others like them who generate the information used by society to stay informed must comprehend the responsibility of what they do.   The power they possess to control the knowledge that is dispersed into society demands that they have the character to present all sides of an issue and report only factual details—of course, as Gandhi predicted, the character flaws inherent in the average human being often precludes the knowledge being disseminated in a manner that is completely accurate and/or honorable. Consumers of this information must take it upon themselves to assess what they read and hear and are told with a critical eye, and when discrepancies are found, each observer must demand correction.   The knowledge needed to assess information critically is often honed in the arena of higher education, so individuals involved in academia have an opportunity to gain knowledge and apply that knowledge with strength of character. Patrick Bassett expresses the relationship between educators and Gandhi’s Seven Social Sins in this way, we must continually seek to discover opportunities to challenge our students and to have them challenge us on values issues.   We must continually seek to carve out time to address issues of the community.   We must continually keep the moral agenda before us. When our first and second curricula merge, we teach youngsters to avoid all of Gandhi's sins and perhaps a few of their own design.   (Bassett) As responsible individuals in a world that is partially in our hands, we must each consider the words of Gandhi and our connection to them.   It may be the role of the educator to plan actions, but it is the role of the student to take them.   If this were not the case, the words spoken by Gandhi would have fallen uselessly to the ground, never having been truly heard and incorporated into the lives of those who have both the necessary knowledge and character.Works CitedBassett, Patrick F.   â€Å"‘Do the Right Thing’: The Case for Moral Education.†Ã‚   NAIS Academic Forum.   Dec. 1995.   Independent Schools Association of the Central States. Burr, William.   Ed.   â€Å"The Atomic Bomb and the End of World War II: A Collection of Primary Sources: National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 162.†Ã‚   The National Security Archive.   5 Aug.   2005.   27 Sept. 2006.   . Douglass, Frederick.   Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself.   New York: Dodo, 2005. â€Å"Gandhi & Education: Basic Education (Buniyadi Shiksha).†Ã‚   MKGandi.Org: The Complete Site on Mahatma Gandhi.   25 Sept. 2006. . Hansen, Paul.   â€Å"Biblical Justice Consultancy: Gandhi's Seven Deadly Social Sins – A Reflection.†Ã‚   Redemptorists of the Edmonton-Toronto Province.   2005.   27 Sept. 2006.   .   

Sex Marriage Relationship

Sample details Pages: 13 Words: 3923 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Psychology Essay Tags: Same Sex Marriage Essay Did you like this example? Same-Sex Marriages Executive Summary The public policy explored in this analysis will include section one from the family code titles, marriage relationship. This issue is more prevalent than most would imagine. In 1990 the American bureau of census reported 145,130 same-gender unmarried couples living together. That number is reported to have increased to 594,691 by the year 2000 (Pawelski et al., 2006). According to President Bush, it is up to the individual state to determine any legal arrangements other than marriage. This leaves the definition of marriage up to the individual governments. It is essential to define the different unions as well as have a strong understanding of the implications of each within the state of Texas. According to Bogenschnider, Theory of Paradox consists of three camps that view issues from different angles. The concerned camp tends to be more conservative with their views on the family. It also strives to protect the traditional family values. The sanguine camp is more concerned with the welfare of the children, as well as the individual rights of people of all sexual orientations. The impatient camp seeks progress and respects all members of the community regardless of the concern for the traditional family values. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Sex Marriage Relationship | Psychology Dissertations" essay for you Create order The concerned camp views same-sex marriage as an insult to the historical family unit and the foundations from which the family system was derived. This group is concerned with the research indicating that many stressors responsible for creating significant amount of anxiety and distress for those in the homosexual relationships. This camp is also concerned that regardless of their lifestyle homosexual individuals are still required to conform to traditional heterosexual family styles in order to adopt, regardless of the findings. (I dont understand this sentence, regardless of what findings?) The teenagers facing their homosexual lifestyle were also found to be more at risk for negative behaviors, including substance abuse and suicide. The concerned camp desires to see the traditional family unit remain intact for the welfare of all individuals, especially the children. The sanguine camp views recent family changes positively as indicators of the capacity of families to adapt to new environments rather than symptoms of decline. The sanguine camp considers the positive results of these family changes for individuals, especially women. The sanguine camp contends that children have the capacity to overcome the emotional upheaval and long term consequences of divorce. They tend to focus on people who have thrived in the midst of family change. The sanguine camp regards marriage, commitment and nurturance as unchanging core American values no matter what. Contenders of this view declare that the dramatic changes in the last quarter century were not about family value but about norms and standards regarding appropriate or inappropriate behavior. For example, cohabitation before marriage became common and one of four children born outside of marriage but majority still want to be married. Regarding policy-making, the greatest concern for the sanguine camp is individual freedom. They want to keep the American core values and establish the institutional supports to help families during rapid changes. The impatient camp acknowledges the change and growth in the diversity of alternative families and their structure. Qualitative research is respected and much of the evidence regarding childrens behavioral and cognitive outcomes incorporates teacher responses along with parent responses. The research supports the changes towards same-sex marriage and welcomes significant positive research findings that support their cause. This camp suggests that families do face challenges, but ultimately have numerous opportunities to demonstrate their resilience though this alternative lifestyle. The recognition of same-sex marriages would alleviate significant amount of stress from those families who are a part of a homosexual partnership. The recognition of this partnership would allow for society to also recognize the partnership leading to a more accepted perspective. The children in these families, as demonstrated by the research results, remain near the average mark in development. However, they continue to have difficulty comprehending and accepting the lifestyle affecting their emotional and social developments. State of Texas can alleviate this stress for these individuals by recognizing these same-sex marriages and providing the same right to homosexual couples that it safeguards for heterosexual individuals. Providing this recognition will allow for all families in the state of Texas to have the same resources, rights, and privileges creating a stronger, more united state, community, and families. Public Policy Project: Same-sex Marriages The public policy explored in this analysis will include section one from the family code titles, marriage relationship. This issue is more prevalent than most would imagine. In 1990 the American bureau of census reported 145,130 same-gender unmarried couples living together . That number is reported to have increased to 594,691 by the year 2000 (Pawelski et al., 2006). According to President Bush, it is up to the individual state to determine any legal arrangements other than marriage. This leaves the definition of marriage up to the individual governments. It is essential to define the different unions as well as have a strong understanding of the implications of each within the state of Texas (question 1). A civil union is a legal mechanism, sanctioned by civil authority, intended to grant same-sex couples legal status somewhat similar to civil marriage. In the United States, civil unions have been established only in Vermont, Massachusetts, and Connecticut. In theses tates, same-sex couples are granted the same state-level rights, benefits, and protections as those granted to heterosexual married couples. No other states recognize civil unions. As such, same-sex couples considered to be legally united in either of those states are treated as single individuals when they cross into other states. A domestic partnership is a relationship between two individuals, often but not necessarily of the same gender, who live together and mutually support one another as spouses but who are not legally joined in a civil marriage or a civil union. Some same-sex couples enter into domestic partnership agreements to create legally enforceable contracts involving property, finances, inheritance, and/or health care. Domestic partnerships do not reach the same legal threshold as civil unions or civil marriages and, accordingly, do not afford couples the rights, benefits,and protections of civil marriage (Pawelski et al., 2006). The definitions are helpful but in the state of Texas any same-sex unions/marriages are banned. Protecting the sanctity of life and marriage at the 79th Texas state Congress 2005, Texans voted on a constitutional amendment defining marriage in fall of 2005. SJR 6 defines marriage as between one man and one woman. Texas voters adopted this amendment on November 8, 2005. Texas now joins 14 states that statutorily and constitutionally ban same-sex marriage. Significant research has been conducted on this topic from many perspectives. It is essential to understand the effect of same-sex relationships on the family system and the individuals within that system. It is very difficult for those in a same-sex relationship to cope with the stigma that society has placed on these relationships. Same-sex relationships have many of the same characteristics that heterosexual relationships possess. According to the research of Todosijevic, Rothblum, Solomon (2005) there are many factors contributing to the success of the same-sex relationship. Given the mixed results on demographic similarity and relationship satisfaction among same-sex couples, it is possible that couple similarity in level of outness may be more important for relationship satisfaction than couple similarity on demographic variables. For example, similarity on actual age (a demographic variable) may be less important than developmental stage in the coming out process (including level of disclosure to others). Couples who are discrepant on outness may have conflict around such issues as where to live (e.g., in an obvious gay neighborhood), whether to bring a partner to work-related social events, and how to introduce their partner to family members. Beals and Peplau (2001) found that discrepancy in openness among partners was not predictive of relationship satisfaction. In another study on this topic, Jordan and Deluty (2000) investigated the correlation between openness and relationship quality in 305 lesbians in committed relationships. Their results indicated that the degree of openness regarding sexual orientation was positively correlated with relationship satisfaction. They also concluded that discrepancy in openness in disclosure between partners was negatively correlated with relationship satisfaction. In addition, Jordan and Deluty (2000) discovered that negative affectivity (e.g., depression, anxiety, fear, anger, guilt, sadness, neuroticism) was not significantly correlated to relationship satisfaction. While, in a 45-year-long study of marital stability and marital satisfaction in 300 heterosexual couples, Kelly and Conely (1987) found that negative affectivity in both genders was negatively related to relationship satisfaction. This demonstrates the significance of same-sex relationships and how they appear much healthier than those of heterosexual partners. It is important that same-sex couples experience satisfaction in their relationships, but also find acceptance within the homosexual community. They experience a significant amount of distress from outside of the homosexual community. As a result they rely heavily on their peers to provide support. The gay lifestyle is a stressful lifestyle. In a study by Todosijevic, Rothblum, and Solomon (2005), gay couples reported experiencing a significant level of anxiety regarding contraction of HIV/AIDS. Further, gay and lesbian couples indicated facing stress from their families due to disapproval of the lifestyle such as rejection, lack of support, and lack of understanding by the family due to their sexuality (p. 165.) In their study of two hundred adolescents and early adult lesbians, Cantor and Neulinger (2000) reported that 47.5% of the interviewees disclosed having made some attempts at suicide at some point in their life. Thirty one percent of these lesbian adolescents and young adults who reported suicide attempts contributed it, at least partially, to their sexual orientation. Furthermore, in high school age males, 36% of the homosexual students surveyed reported having made a suicide attempt at some point in their life compared to 8.9% of their heterosexual counterparts (where is this information coming from?). Data such as this indicates the moral dilemma for the homosexual community, which creates unnecessary stress for homosexual individuals and their families. There are many milestones in life that homosexual individuals have a more difficult time achieving. Society paints a particular picture within which individuals are anticipated to fit snugly. Society expects homosexuals to conform to the norms that it has diligently created over the course of the history. A study was done recently that examined how the courts evaluate same-sex couples when they are attempting to adopt children (Connolly, 1998). The researchers found that the courts expect same-sex couples to conform as best possible to the traditional model of families. Since these couples are not allowed to marry, they are expected to demonstrate their commitment to each other in ways that heterosexual couples do not have to exhibit. Homosexual couples must realize that their demonstration of commitment must be more pronounced than heterosexual couples. They must also work to overcome their persuasion into the model in which the rest of society fits. As more and more same-sex couples are adopting or having children through artificial insemination, concerns regarding the integrity of family structure and developmental outcomes of children in these alternative families are brought to discussion. Golombok, et al. (2003) examined the quality of parent-child relationships, socioemotional and gender development in a community sample of lesbian parents with seven-year olds, and had a control group of heterosexual two-parent families. Demographics of both the lesbian and heterosexual families were similar. There were no statistically significant differences in mother-child relationships with regard to warmth toward child or emotional involvement. Family structure, not mothers sexual orientation, showed significant effects for overall parenting quality and enjoyment of motherhood. There were also no statistically significant differences in the frequency of conflicts with the child. Family structure, with single mothers, having more severe disputes (It seems like this sentence is missing something). Lesbian mothers also reported smacking their children less than heterosexual mothers. Lesbian mothers also engaged in more imaginative play with their children than heterosexual mothers, as single mothers did more often than heterosexual mothers. Fathers showed statistically significant higher levels of emotional involvement and frequency of smacking with their children than co-mothers. Socioemotional development showed no statistically significant difference in conduct problems, hyperactivity, emotional symptoms or positive social behavior as reported by mothers and teachers. The study also showed no differences in childrens behavior according to gender when comparing boys and girls in both heterosexual and lesbian families (Golombok, et al., 2003). Flaks, Ficher, Masterpasqua, Josephs (1995) compared lesbian couples with heterosexual parents and their children, ages three to nine. Their study found that sexual orientation of custodial parents is not a significant variable in successful development of the child and that there were no differences in children coming from divorced heterosexual or same-sex parent families. The purpose of their study was to address concerns of the courts when involved in custody cases. They showed no significant differences with parents sexual orientation or gender of child in outcomes of cognitive development or behavioral adjustment. The study did find that lesbian parents had more parenting awareness skills than heterosexual parents; this was statistically significant. This finding, with further statistical analysis, was shown to be related to gender, with mothers having better parenting skills than fathers. Wainright, Russell, Patterson (2004) examined family type heterosexual parents and same-sex parents, and outcomes in school, psychological adjustment and romantic relationships. Romantic relationships and sexual behavior was not associated with family type. The quality of the parent-child relationship determined better school adjustment. Anderssen, Amlie, Ytteroy (2002) reviewed twenty-three evidenced-based research studies from 1978 to 2000, assessing outcomes for children with lesbian or gay parents. Historically, the Scandanavian courts have not ruled against custody related to sexual orientation of the parent. However, evidenced based research regarding outcomes of children of same-sex parents is needed, since legal rights to adopt or become foster parents is not afforded to same-sex couples as they are to heterosexual couple. Emotional functioning was the outcome most often studied, followed by sexual preference, stigmatization, gender role behavior, behavioral adjustment, gender identity and cognitive functioning. No differences in emotional functioning were shown between same-sex (lesbian) parents and heterosexual parents. There were no differences in sexual preferences in offspring with parental sexual preference. Due to expressed negative attitudes which was received from outsiders, children of same-sex parents experienced stigmatization and teasing. The studies showed that few youngsters were teased no more than other children, and they developed stable relationships with peers as children of heterosexual parents (who said this?). There were no differences in gender role behavior, behavioral adjustment, and cognitive functioning. This significant research shows that the homosexual community faces difficult boundaries, restrictions, and stereotypes, but this community still manages to maintain relationships, raise their children, and live out daily life with less negative outcomes than heterosexual individuals. This leads into the Theory of Paradox with three stances on the subject of same-sex marriages showing negative and positive conclusions (question 6). Striving to protect the traditional family values, the concerned camp tends to be more conservative with their views on the family. The sanguine camp is more concerned with the welfare of the children, as well as the individual rights of people of all sexual orientations. The impatient camp seeks progress and respects all members of the community regardless of the concern for traditional family values. The concerned camp views same-sex marriage as an insult to the historical family unit and the foundations from which the family system was derived. The research indicates many stressors that are responsible for creating significant amount of anxiety, distress, and other negative reactions for those in the homosexual community. The research indicated that regardless of the homosexual lifestyle these individuals are still required to conform to traditional heterosexual family styles in order to adopt, regardless of the findings (This sentence is not clear. Regardless of what findings? Are there findings contrary to the outcome of court decisions on qualification of homosexual parents to adopt?). The teenagers living a homosexual lifestyle were also found to be more at risk for negative behaviors, including suicide. The concerned camp desires to see the traditional family unit remain intact for the welfare of all individuals, especially the children. The sanguine camp views recent family changes positively as indicators of the capacity of families to adapt to new environments rather than symptoms of decline. The sanguine camp concerns the positive results of these family changes for individuals, especially women. The sanguine argue that children have the capacity to overcome the emotional upheaval and long term consequences of divorce. The contenders of this view tend to focus on people who have thrived in the midst of family change. The sanguine camp believes marriage, commitment and nurturance to be unchanging core American values no matter what. According to the sanguine, the dramatic change in the last quarter century was not about family value but about norms and standards regarding appropriate or inappropriate behavior. For example, cohabitation before marriage has become common and one of four children is born outside of marriage but majority still want to be married. Regarding policy-making, the greatest concern for the sanguine camp is individual freedom. They want to keep the American core values and establish the institutional supports to help families through rapid changes. The impatient camp acknowledges the change and growth in the diversity of alternative families and their structure. Qualitative research is respected and much of the evidence regarding childrens behavioral and cognitive outcomes incorporates teacher responses along with parent responses. The research supports changes towards same-sex marriage and welcomes significant positive research findings to support their cause. This camp finds that families do face challenges, but ultimately have numerous opportunities to demonstrate their resilience through this alternative lifestyle (question 7). The families affected most by the failure to recognize same-sex marriages are those homosexual couples who have children. The family members of homosexual couples are also affected by the stereotypes that are involved with the homosexual lifestyle. Principle one addresses the question of if policies or programs set unrealistic expectations for families assuming financial and caregiving responsibilities of dependent, seriously ill or child with special needs. Principle two addresses family stability and explains that policies and programs should help maintain the stability of couples relationships, especially when children are involved (Bogenschneider, 2002). When looking at the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) from the perspective of a homosexual family, it does allow for incentives to marry in the state that recognizes homosexual marriages. With the current statue of DOMA, children may not have continued financial support from one of the parents if the homosexual parents separate (NCRF, 2004). Massachusetts legalization of same-sex marriage allows for the children of these families to have some financial security if their parents should divorce or if one of the parents were to die. The issue with the DOMA policy is that it does not allow for financial protection to non-biological children of same-sex relationships (Coolidge Duncan, 2001). Carlson (2004) found that DOMA actually protects the sanctity of heterosexual marriages by not allowing homosexuals to marry legally. The justification here is that homosexual relationships are sterile and that the children from these relationships will not have any kinship to, at a minimum, one of the parents and it could possibly be both of the parents. Carlson (2004) also found that marriage is an evolution in itself (questions 2-3). Question 4: Examine the Implementation of the Policy and Statute (p. 307) how has the Department implemented this policy? How has subsequent legislation (if any) revised this policy? Note: This flows right into question 5 below. Question 5: Go to page 306 and answer question #1 (Family Impact Questions): Reviewing rules, legislation, and laws to point out how legislation does or does not address families needs. The goal of the previous research and the comprehension of the policy is to allow the policy holders to see the detrimental results that have occurred as a result of the failure to recognize same-sex marriages. Homosexual families are suffering as a result of the failure to acknowledge the relationships that are closest to them. Children, according to the research, are well adjusted and develop normally but they are not able to develop socially because of the limitations that are placed on them from being a part of a homosexual family system.. They encounter numerous roadblocks and challenges as a result. The systems that surround them are also aversely affected creating much distress for all individuals that come in contact with each member of the family. The homosexual partners also experience significant distress as a result of the failure of the state of Texas to recognize any union between two individuals of the same sex. These individuals fight uphill battles daily with the simplest household activities, such as medical care/insurance, monetary matters, and significant custody concerns if children are involved. The recognition of same-sex marriages would allow these homosexual families to experience more acceptance and give them the opportunity to continue with normal, daily activities without hindrance (question 8). The recognition of same-sex marriages would alleviate significant amounts of stress from those families who are a part of a homosexual partnership. The recognition of this partnership would allow for society to also recognize the partnership leading to a more accepted perspective. The children in these families, as demonstrated in the research results, remain near the average mark in development, but continue to have difficulty comprehending and accepting the lifestyle affecting their emotional and social developments. Texas can alleviate this stress for these individuals by recognizing these same-sex marriages and providing the same right to homosexual couples that is provided to heterosexual individuals. Providing this recognition will allow for all families in the state of Texas to have the same resources, rights, and privileges creating a stronger, more united state, community, and families. References Anderssen, N., Amlie, C., Ytteroy, E. (2002). Outcomes for children with lesbian or gay parents. A review of studies from 1978-2000. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 43, 335-351. Bogenschneider, K. (2002). Family policy matters. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates:NJ. p.94-97. Brewer, P., Wilcox, C. (2005). The Pollstrends: Same-sex marriage and civil unions. Public Opinion Quarterly, (69) 4, 599-616. Cantor, C., Neulinger, K. (2000). The epidemiology of suicide and attempted suicide among young Australians. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 34(3), 370-387. Connolly, C. (1998). The description of gay and lesbian families in second-parent adoption. Behavioral Sciences the Law: Special issue: Families and Courts, 16(2), 225-236. Flaks, D., Ficher, I., Masterpasqua, F., Joseph, G. (1995). Lesbians choosing motherhood: A comparative study of lesbian and heterosexual parents and their children. Developmental Psychology, 31, 105-114. Golombok, S., Perry, B., Burston, A., Murray, C., Mooney-Somers, J., Stevens, M., et al. (2003). Children with lesbian parents: A community study. Developmental Psychology, 39, 20-33. Jordan, K., Deluty, R. (2000). Social support, coming out, and relationship satisfaction in lesbian couples. Journal of Lesbian Studies, 4, 145164. Kelly, E., Conely, J. (1987). Personality and compatibility: A prospective analysis of marital stability and marital satisfaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 2740. Lewis, R., Derlega, V., Berndt, A., Morris, L., Rose, S. (2001).An empirical analysis of stressors for gay men and lesbians. Journal of Homosexuality, 42, 6388. Meyer, I. (2003). Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 674 697. Pawelski, J., Perrin, E., Foy, J., Allen, C., Crawford, J., Del Monte, M., Kaufman, M., Klein, J., Smith, K., Springer, S., Tanner, J., Vickers, D., (2006). The Effects of marriage, civil union, and domestic partnership laws on the health and well-being of children. Pediatrics, (118)1, 349-364. Pope, S. (2004). The magisteriums arguments against same-sex marriage: An ethical analysis and critique. Theological Studies , 65(3), 530-555. Todosijevic, J., Rothblum, E., Solomon, S. (2005). Relationship satisfaction, affectivity, and gay-specific stressors in same-sex couples joined in civil unions. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 29, 158166.

The Color Purple Essay - 954 Words

An Analysis of three messages from The Color Purple â€Å"It takes courage to grow up and become who you really are† Some people cant wait to grow up, whereas others want to hold onto the past and not see what is to come. Those people that hold onto the past or live in the past dont know how to move on. An author by the name Alice Walker(b. 1944) a woman that believed she could do a lot. Alice Walker wrote a book and it was also turned into a movie but a man stated, â€Å"the book — about the abuse and spiritual triumph of a black woman in the sharecropping American South†(Galanes) There is a movie called â€Å"The Color Purple† in this movie there is a girl by the name Celie. Celie has had a very hard life and she is not very courageous. This is one†¦show more content†¦One of the differences are that Celie had to endure it by herself instead of with a family to help her. Celie also finds Friendship in this story, one from her own sister Nettie a nd the other for Shug Avery. Celie and her sister we the closest, they were inseparable, they were always so happy to be with each other. The beginning of the movie starts with them in a field playing together, as they escape this field of purple flowers they are in the sunset and they do a handshake together. Every Time that they are together they do the handshake at least once. This just shows how close they are to each other. After a while Nettie and Celie are separated from each other, but Celie’s new husband Mr. Johnson soon brings back his first love, Shug Avery. Shug is a beautiful woman who sings amazingly, but to start she does not like Celie at all. But as they live together they grow together, Shug realizes that Celie and her share the same struggle. This struggle is Mr. Johnson and any man in their lives, every man that they know do not respect them and treat them like they are just robots. â€Å"Friends make the world a beautiful place†(Senior) If we did not have friends in our lives we would not have anyone to make memories with. We need friends so that we can have someone to relate to and to enjoy time with us. Finally â€Å"The Color Purple† shows the struggles that families face. Mostly just in that time of age. There was a vicious cycle of abuse in the families, whereShow MoreRelatedCritical Essay on the Color Purple1343 Words   |  6 PagesWalker’s Purple is Not Just a Color Alice Walker’s epistolary novel The Color Purple demonstrates how the mistreatment of a woman cannot prevent her from fulfilling her destiny. The protagonist and narrator of the novel, Celie, is a young, uneducated black girl who is verbally and sexually abused by her supposed father, Alphonso. 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Due to her step-fathers actions, she became pregnant and then quickly had her children whisked away from her. She was sent away to marry a man she didnt know, and experienced more hardships than many could even attempt to fathom. Thankfully, she had her dear sister, Nettie, to think of and lean on both mentally and emotionally even when she wasnt able to be with her physically. In the beginning, the girls motherRead More the color purple Essay examples1243 Words   |  5 Pages Color of Purple is a Novel by Alice Walker, published in 1982. It won a Pulitzer Prize in 1983. A feminist novel about an abused and uneducated black womans struggle for empowerment, the novel was praised for the depth of its female characters and for its eloquent use of black English vernacular. African-American people have had to climb over many obstacles to get to their position today. First, was the selling of their people into slavery. Then, they endured slavery itself, being treated like